While all photovoltaics use a similar structure of cells, panels and arrays, there are many different types of cells and panels that can be used. Photovoltaics vary in their basic materials, ability to produce electricity, and costs. Here we look at the types of panels available today.

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)

BIPV technologies serve the dual purpose of producing electricity and acting as a building construction material. One common BIPV technology integrates semi-translucent layers of amorphous silicon into glass, which can then be used as window panes that allows sunlight into a building while producing electricity. Another common structure is the use of shingle-size PV panels as a roofing material. Currently, BIPV technologies tend to have very low efficiency levels but can be useful in replacing other construction materials and offering a wide variety of aesthetic choices.

BIPV systems can be made to be “on-grid”, or hooked into the local electric company. That way, not only does the homeowner get “free” electricity for their own home, they also can automatically sell any extra back to the utility. Not only might you receive no electric bill, you might actually receive a check back instead each month! On the grid systems also guarantee a back-up source of power if necessary.

BIPV systems can be designed to blend in and look exactly like conventional building materials and designs, such as external structures including awnings or skylights. However, the most common use of building integrated photovoltaics is BIPV roofing, where solar shingles are substituted for traditional roofing.

As exciting as the above technologies are, there has even been research lately about building photovoltaic solar cells into the walls of buildings - into concrete and other basic building materials. Soon BIPV technology may be widespread and conventional, but for now building integrated photovoltaic solar can get you a head start while saving electricity and reducing your carbon footprint. You will also serve as a positive model for others.